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// Copyright 2013-2015 The rust-url developers.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
// except according to those terms.
/*!
# URL parsing and data structures
First, URL parsing may fail for various reasons and therefore returns a `Result`.
```
use url::{Url, ParseError};
```
Let’s parse a valid URL and look at its components.
```
use url::{Url, Host, Position};
# use url::ParseError;
# fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
let issue_list_url = Url::parse(
)?;
assert!(issue_list_url.scheme() == "https");
assert!(issue_list_url.username() == "");
assert!(issue_list_url.password() == None);
assert!(issue_list_url.host_str() == Some("github.com"));
assert!(issue_list_url.host() == Some(Host::Domain("github.com")));
assert!(issue_list_url.port() == None);
assert!(issue_list_url.path() == "/rust-lang/rust/issues");
assert!(issue_list_url.path_segments().map(|c| c.collect::<Vec<_>>()) ==
Some(vec!["rust-lang", "rust", "issues"]));
assert!(issue_list_url.query() == Some("labels=E-easy&state=open"));
assert!(&issue_list_url[Position::BeforePath..] == "/rust-lang/rust/issues?labels=E-easy&state=open");
assert!(issue_list_url.fragment() == None);
assert!(!issue_list_url.cannot_be_a_base());
# Ok(())
# }
# run().unwrap();
```
Some URLs are said to be *cannot-be-a-base*:
they don’t have a username, password, host, or port,
and their "path" is an arbitrary string rather than slash-separated segments:
```
use url::Url;
# use url::ParseError;
# fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
let data_url = Url::parse("data:text/plain,Hello?World#")?;
assert!(data_url.cannot_be_a_base());
assert!(data_url.scheme() == "data");
assert!(data_url.path() == "text/plain,Hello");
assert!(data_url.path_segments().is_none());
assert!(data_url.query() == Some("World"));
assert!(data_url.fragment() == Some(""));
# Ok(())
# }
# run().unwrap();
```
## Serde
Enable the `serde` feature to include `Deserialize` and `Serialize` implementations for `url::Url`.
# Base URL
Many contexts allow URL *references* that can be relative to a *base URL*:
```html
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../main.css">
```
Since parsed URLs are absolute, giving a base is required for parsing relative URLs:
```
use url::{Url, ParseError};
assert!(Url::parse("../main.css") == Err(ParseError::RelativeUrlWithoutBase))
```
Use the `join` method on an `Url` to use it as a base URL:
```
use url::Url;
# use url::ParseError;
# fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
let css_url = this_document.join("../main.css")?;
# Ok(())
# }
# run().unwrap();
```
# Feature: `serde`
If you enable the `serde` feature, [`Url`](struct.Url.html) will implement
```toml
url = { version = "2", features = ["serde"] }
```
# Feature: `debugger_visualizer`
If you enable the `debugger_visualizer` feature, the `url` crate will include
a [natvis file](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/visualstudio/debugger/create-custom-views-of-native-objects)
[`Url`](struct.Url.html) objects in the debugger.
This feature requires Rust 1.71 or later.
```toml
url = { version = "2", features = ["debugger_visualizer"] }
```
*/
#![cfg_attr(
feature = "debugger_visualizer",
debugger_visualizer(natvis_file = "../../debug_metadata/url.natvis")
)]
pub use form_urlencoded;
#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
extern crate serde;
use crate::host::HostInternal;
use crate::parser::{to_u32, Context, Parser, SchemeType, PATH_SEGMENT, USERINFO};
use percent_encoding::{percent_decode, percent_encode, utf8_percent_encode};
use std::borrow::Borrow;
use std::cmp;
use std::fmt::{self, Write};
use std::hash;
use std::io;
use std::mem;
use std::net::{IpAddr, SocketAddr, ToSocketAddrs};
use std::ops::{Range, RangeFrom, RangeTo};
use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
use std::str;
use std::convert::TryFrom;
pub use crate::host::Host;
pub use crate::origin::{OpaqueOrigin, Origin};
pub use crate::parser::{ParseError, SyntaxViolation};
pub use crate::path_segments::PathSegmentsMut;
pub use crate::slicing::Position;
pub use form_urlencoded::EncodingOverride;
mod host;
mod origin;
mod parser;
mod path_segments;
mod slicing;
#[doc(hidden)]
pub mod quirks;
/// A parsed URL record.
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct Url {
/// Syntax in pseudo-BNF:
///
/// url = scheme ":" [ hierarchical | non-hierarchical ] [ "?" query ]? [ "#" fragment ]?
/// non-hierarchical = non-hierarchical-path
/// non-hierarchical-path = /* Does not start with "/" */
/// hierarchical = authority? hierarchical-path
/// authority = "//" userinfo? host [ ":" port ]?
/// userinfo = username [ ":" password ]? "@"
/// hierarchical-path = [ "/" path-segment ]+
serialization: String,
// Components
scheme_end: u32, // Before ':'
username_end: u32, // Before ':' (if a password is given) or '@' (if not)
host_start: u32,
host_end: u32,
host: HostInternal,
port: Option<u16>,
path_start: u32, // Before initial '/', if any
query_start: Option<u32>, // Before '?', unlike Position::QueryStart
fragment_start: Option<u32>, // Before '#', unlike Position::FragmentStart
}
/// Full configuration for the URL parser.
#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
#[must_use]
pub struct ParseOptions<'a> {
base_url: Option<&'a Url>,
encoding_override: EncodingOverride<'a>,
violation_fn: Option<&'a dyn Fn(SyntaxViolation)>,
}
impl<'a> ParseOptions<'a> {
/// Change the base URL
pub fn base_url(mut self, new: Option<&'a Url>) -> Self {
self.base_url = new;
self
}
/// Override the character encoding of query strings.
/// This is a legacy concept only relevant for HTML.
pub fn encoding_override(mut self, new: EncodingOverride<'a>) -> Self {
self.encoding_override = new;
self
}
/// Call the provided function or closure for a non-fatal `SyntaxViolation`
/// when it occurs during parsing. Note that since the provided function is
/// `Fn`, the caller might need to utilize _interior mutability_, such as with
/// a `RefCell`, to collect the violations.
///
/// ## Example
/// ```
/// use std::cell::RefCell;
/// use url::{Url, SyntaxViolation};
/// # use url::ParseError;
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), url::ParseError> {
/// let violations = RefCell::new(Vec::new());
/// let url = Url::options()
/// .syntax_violation_callback(Some(&|v| violations.borrow_mut().push(v)))
/// assert_eq!(violations.into_inner(),
/// vec!(SyntaxViolation::ExpectedDoubleSlash));
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
pub fn syntax_violation_callback(mut self, new: Option<&'a dyn Fn(SyntaxViolation)>) -> Self {
self.violation_fn = new;
self
}
/// Parse an URL string with the configuration so far.
pub fn parse(self, input: &str) -> Result<Url, crate::ParseError> {
Parser {
serialization: String::with_capacity(input.len()),
base_url: self.base_url,
query_encoding_override: self.encoding_override,
violation_fn: self.violation_fn,
context: Context::UrlParser,
}
.parse_url(input)
}
}
impl Url {
/// Parse an absolute URL from a string.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```rust
/// use url::Url;
/// # use url::ParseError;
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
///
/// # Errors
///
/// If the function can not parse an absolute URL from the given string,
/// a [`ParseError`] variant will be returned.
///
/// [`ParseError`]: enum.ParseError.html
#[inline]
pub fn parse(input: &str) -> Result<Url, crate::ParseError> {
Url::options().parse(input)
}
/// Parse an absolute URL from a string and add params to its query string.
///
/// Existing params are not removed.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```rust
/// use url::Url;
/// # use url::ParseError;
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// &[("lang", "rust"), ("browser", "servo")])?;
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
///
/// # Errors
///
/// If the function can not parse an absolute URL from the given string,
/// a [`ParseError`] variant will be returned.
///
/// [`ParseError`]: enum.ParseError.html
#[inline]
pub fn parse_with_params<I, K, V>(input: &str, iter: I) -> Result<Url, crate::ParseError>
where
I: IntoIterator,
I::Item: Borrow<(K, V)>,
K: AsRef<str>,
V: AsRef<str>,
{
let mut url = Url::options().parse(input);
if let Ok(ref mut url) = url {
url.query_pairs_mut().extend_pairs(iter);
}
url
}
fn strip_trailing_spaces_from_opaque_path(&mut self) {
if !self.cannot_be_a_base() {
return;
}
if self.fragment_start.is_some() {
return;
}
if self.query_start.is_some() {
return;
}
let trailing_space_count = self
.serialization
.chars()
.rev()
.take_while(|c| *c == ' ')
.count();
let start = self.serialization.len() - trailing_space_count;
self.serialization.truncate(start);
}
/// Parse a string as an URL, with this URL as the base URL.
///
/// The inverse of this is [`make_relative`].
///
/// Note: a trailing slash is significant.
/// Without it, the last path component is considered to be a “file” name
/// to be removed to get at the “directory” that is used as the base:
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```rust
/// use url::Url;
/// # use url::ParseError;
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// let url = base.join("c.png")?;
///
/// let url = base.join("c.png")?;
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
///
/// # Errors
///
/// If the function can not parse an URL from the given string
/// with this URL as the base URL, a [`ParseError`] variant will be returned.
///
/// [`ParseError`]: enum.ParseError.html
/// [`make_relative`]: #method.make_relative
#[inline]
pub fn join(&self, input: &str) -> Result<Url, crate::ParseError> {
Url::options().base_url(Some(self)).parse(input)
}
/// Creates a relative URL if possible, with this URL as the base URL.
///
/// This is the inverse of [`join`].
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```rust
/// use url::Url;
/// # use url::ParseError;
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// let relative = base.make_relative(&url);
/// assert_eq!(relative.as_ref().map(|s| s.as_str()), Some("c.png"));
///
/// let relative = base.make_relative(&url);
/// assert_eq!(relative.as_ref().map(|s| s.as_str()), Some("c.png"));
///
/// let relative = base.make_relative(&url);
/// assert_eq!(relative.as_ref().map(|s| s.as_str()), Some("../d/c.png"));
///
/// let relative = base.make_relative(&url);
/// assert_eq!(relative.as_ref().map(|s| s.as_str()), Some("?e=f"));
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
///
/// # Errors
///
/// If this URL can't be a base for the given URL, `None` is returned.
/// This is for example the case if the scheme, host or port are not the same.
///
/// [`join`]: #method.join
pub fn make_relative(&self, url: &Url) -> Option<String> {
if self.cannot_be_a_base() {
return None;
}
// Scheme, host and port need to be the same
if self.scheme() != url.scheme() || self.host() != url.host() || self.port() != url.port() {
return None;
}
// We ignore username/password at this point
// The path has to be transformed
let mut relative = String::new();
// Extract the filename of both URIs, these need to be handled separately
fn extract_path_filename(s: &str) -> (&str, &str) {
let last_slash_idx = s.rfind('/').unwrap_or(0);
let (path, filename) = s.split_at(last_slash_idx);
if filename.is_empty() {
(path, "")
} else {
(path, &filename[1..])
}
}
let (base_path, base_filename) = extract_path_filename(self.path());
let (url_path, url_filename) = extract_path_filename(url.path());
let mut base_path = base_path.split('/').peekable();
let mut url_path = url_path.split('/').peekable();
// Skip over the common prefix
while base_path.peek().is_some() && base_path.peek() == url_path.peek() {
base_path.next();
url_path.next();
}
// Add `..` segments for the remainder of the base path
for base_path_segment in base_path {
// Skip empty last segments
if base_path_segment.is_empty() {
break;
}
if !relative.is_empty() {
relative.push('/');
}
relative.push_str("..");
}
// Append the remainder of the other URI
for url_path_segment in url_path {
if !relative.is_empty() {
relative.push('/');
}
relative.push_str(url_path_segment);
}
// Add the filename if they are not the same
if !relative.is_empty() || base_filename != url_filename {
// If the URIs filename is empty this means that it was a directory
// so we'll have to append a '/'.
//
// Otherwise append it directly as the new filename.
if url_filename.is_empty() {
relative.push('/');
} else {
if !relative.is_empty() {
relative.push('/');
}
relative.push_str(url_filename);
}
}
// Query and fragment are only taken from the other URI
if let Some(query) = url.query() {
relative.push('?');
relative.push_str(query);
}
if let Some(fragment) = url.fragment() {
relative.push('#');
relative.push_str(fragment);
}
Some(relative)
}
/// Return a default `ParseOptions` that can fully configure the URL parser.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// Get default `ParseOptions`, then change base url
///
/// ```rust
/// use url::Url;
/// # use url::ParseError;
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// let options = Url::options();
/// let base_url = options.base_url(Some(&api));
/// let version_url = base_url.parse("version.json")?;
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
pub fn options<'a>() -> ParseOptions<'a> {
ParseOptions {
base_url: None,
encoding_override: None,
violation_fn: None,
}
}
/// Return the serialization of this URL.
///
/// This is fast since that serialization is already stored in the `Url` struct.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```rust
/// use url::Url;
/// # use url::ParseError;
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// let url = Url::parse(url_str)?;
/// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), url_str);
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
#[inline]
pub fn as_str(&self) -> &str {
&self.serialization
}
/// Return the serialization of this URL.
///
/// This consumes the `Url` and takes ownership of the `String` stored in it.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```rust
/// use url::Url;
/// # use url::ParseError;
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// let url = Url::parse(url_str)?;
/// assert_eq!(String::from(url), url_str);
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
#[inline]
#[deprecated(since = "2.3.0", note = "use Into<String>")]
pub fn into_string(self) -> String {
self.into()
}
/// For internal testing, not part of the public API.
///
/// Methods of the `Url` struct assume a number of invariants.
/// This checks each of these invariants and panic if one is not met.
/// This is for testing rust-url itself.
#[doc(hidden)]
pub fn check_invariants(&self) -> Result<(), String> {
macro_rules! assert {
($x: expr) => {
if !$x {
return Err(format!(
"!( {} ) for URL {:?}",
stringify!($x),
self.serialization
));
}
};
}
macro_rules! assert_eq {
($a: expr, $b: expr) => {
{
let a = $a;
let b = $b;
if a != b {
return Err(format!("{:?} != {:?} ({} != {}) for URL {:?}",
a, b, stringify!($a), stringify!($b),
self.serialization))
}
}
}
}
assert!(self.scheme_end >= 1);
assert!(self.byte_at(0).is_ascii_alphabetic());
assert!(self
.slice(1..self.scheme_end)
.chars()
.all(|c| matches!(c, 'a'..='z' | 'A'..='Z' | '0'..='9' | '+' | '-' | '.')));
assert_eq!(self.byte_at(self.scheme_end), b':');
if self.slice(self.scheme_end + 1..).starts_with("//") {
// URL with authority
if self.username_end != self.serialization.len() as u32 {
match self.byte_at(self.username_end) {
b':' => {
assert!(self.host_start >= self.username_end + 2);
assert_eq!(self.byte_at(self.host_start - 1), b'@');
}
b'@' => assert!(self.host_start == self.username_end + 1),
_ => assert_eq!(self.username_end, self.scheme_end + 3),
}
}
assert!(self.host_start >= self.username_end);
assert!(self.host_end >= self.host_start);
let host_str = self.slice(self.host_start..self.host_end);
match self.host {
HostInternal::None => assert_eq!(host_str, ""),
HostInternal::Ipv4(address) => assert_eq!(host_str, address.to_string()),
HostInternal::Ipv6(address) => {
let h: Host<String> = Host::Ipv6(address);
assert_eq!(host_str, h.to_string())
}
HostInternal::Domain => {
if SchemeType::from(self.scheme()).is_special() {
assert!(!host_str.is_empty())
}
}
}
if self.path_start == self.host_end {
assert_eq!(self.port, None);
} else {
assert_eq!(self.byte_at(self.host_end), b':');
let port_str = self.slice(self.host_end + 1..self.path_start);
assert_eq!(
self.port,
Some(port_str.parse::<u16>().expect("Couldn't parse port?"))
);
}
assert!(
self.path_start as usize == self.serialization.len()
|| matches!(self.byte_at(self.path_start), b'/' | b'#' | b'?')
);
} else {
// Anarchist URL (no authority)
assert_eq!(self.username_end, self.scheme_end + 1);
assert_eq!(self.host_start, self.scheme_end + 1);
assert_eq!(self.host_end, self.scheme_end + 1);
assert_eq!(self.host, HostInternal::None);
assert_eq!(self.port, None);
if self.path().starts_with("//") {
// special case when first path segment is empty
assert_eq!(self.byte_at(self.scheme_end + 1), b'/');
assert_eq!(self.byte_at(self.scheme_end + 2), b'.');
assert_eq!(self.path_start, self.scheme_end + 3);
} else {
assert_eq!(self.path_start, self.scheme_end + 1);
}
}
if let Some(start) = self.query_start {
assert!(start >= self.path_start);
assert_eq!(self.byte_at(start), b'?');
}
if let Some(start) = self.fragment_start {
assert!(start >= self.path_start);
assert_eq!(self.byte_at(start), b'#');
}
if let (Some(query_start), Some(fragment_start)) = (self.query_start, self.fragment_start) {
assert!(fragment_start > query_start);
}
let other = Url::parse(self.as_str()).expect("Failed to parse myself?");
assert_eq!(&self.serialization, &other.serialization);
assert_eq!(self.scheme_end, other.scheme_end);
assert_eq!(self.username_end, other.username_end);
assert_eq!(self.host_start, other.host_start);
assert_eq!(self.host_end, other.host_end);
assert!(
self.host == other.host ||
// XXX No host round-trips to empty host.
(self.host_str(), other.host_str()) == (None, Some(""))
);
assert_eq!(self.port, other.port);
assert_eq!(self.path_start, other.path_start);
assert_eq!(self.query_start, other.query_start);
assert_eq!(self.fragment_start, other.fragment_start);
Ok(())
}
///
/// Note: this returns an opaque origin for `file:` URLs, which causes
/// `url.origin() != url.origin()`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// URL with `ftp` scheme:
///
/// ```rust
/// use url::{Host, Origin, Url};
/// # use url::ParseError;
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// assert_eq!(url.origin(),
/// Origin::Tuple("ftp".into(),
/// Host::Domain("example.com".into()),
/// 21));
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
///
/// URL with `blob` scheme:
///
/// ```rust
/// use url::{Host, Origin, Url};
/// # use url::ParseError;
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// assert_eq!(url.origin(),
/// Origin::Tuple("https".into(),
/// Host::Domain("example.com".into()),
/// 443));
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
///
/// URL with `file` scheme:
///
/// ```rust
/// use url::{Host, Origin, Url};
/// # use url::ParseError;
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// assert!(!url.origin().is_tuple());
///
/// assert!(url.origin() != other_url.origin());
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
///
/// URL with other scheme:
///
/// ```rust
/// use url::{Host, Origin, Url};
/// # use url::ParseError;
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// let url = Url::parse("foo:bar")?;
/// assert!(!url.origin().is_tuple());
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
#[inline]
pub fn origin(&self) -> Origin {
origin::url_origin(self)
}
/// Return the scheme of this URL, lower-cased, as an ASCII string without the ':' delimiter.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use url::Url;
/// # use url::ParseError;
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// assert_eq!(url.scheme(), "file");
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
#[inline]
pub fn scheme(&self) -> &str {
self.slice(..self.scheme_end)
}
/// Return whether the URL is special (has a special scheme)
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use url::Url;
/// # use url::ParseError;
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
pub fn is_special(&self) -> bool {
let scheme_type = SchemeType::from(self.scheme());
scheme_type.is_special()
}
/// Return whether the URL has an 'authority',
/// which can contain a username, password, host, and port number.
///
/// URLs that do *not* are either path-only like `unix:/run/foo.socket`
/// or cannot-be-a-base like `data:text/plain,Stuff`.
///
/// See also the `authority` method.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use url::Url;
/// # use url::ParseError;
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// assert!(url.has_authority());
///
/// let url = Url::parse("unix:/run/foo.socket")?;
/// assert!(!url.has_authority());
///
/// let url = Url::parse("data:text/plain,Stuff")?;
/// assert!(!url.has_authority());
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
#[inline]
pub fn has_authority(&self) -> bool {
debug_assert!(self.byte_at(self.scheme_end) == b':');
self.slice(self.scheme_end..).starts_with("://")
}
/// Return the authority of this URL as an ASCII string.
///
/// Non-ASCII domains are punycode-encoded per IDNA if this is the host
/// of a special URL, or percent encoded for non-special URLs.
/// IPv6 addresses are given between `[` and `]` brackets.
/// Ports are omitted if they match the well known port of a special URL.
///
/// Username and password are percent-encoded.
///
/// See also the `has_authority` method.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use url::Url;
/// # use url::ParseError;
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// let url = Url::parse("unix:/run/foo.socket")?;
/// assert_eq!(url.authority(), "");
/// assert_eq!(url.authority(), "");
/// assert_eq!(url.authority(), "user:password@example.com");
/// assert_eq!(url.authority(), "%C3%A0lex.%D1%80%D1%84.example.com:6667");
/// assert_eq!(url.authority(), "xn--lex-8ka.xn--p1ai.example.com");
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
pub fn authority(&self) -> &str {
let scheme_separator_len = "://".len() as u32;
if self.has_authority() && self.path_start > self.scheme_end + scheme_separator_len {
self.slice(self.scheme_end + scheme_separator_len..self.path_start)
} else {
""
}
}
/// Return whether this URL is a cannot-be-a-base URL,
/// meaning that parsing a relative URL string with this URL as the base will return an error.
///
/// This is the case if the scheme and `:` delimiter are not followed by a `/` slash,
/// as is typically the case of `data:` and `mailto:` URLs.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use url::Url;
/// # use url::ParseError;
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// assert!(!url.cannot_be_a_base());
///
/// let url = Url::parse("unix:/run/foo.socket")?;
/// assert!(!url.cannot_be_a_base());
///
/// let url = Url::parse("data:text/plain,Stuff")?;
/// assert!(url.cannot_be_a_base());
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
#[inline]
pub fn cannot_be_a_base(&self) -> bool {
!self.slice(self.scheme_end + 1..).starts_with('/')
}
/// Return the username for this URL (typically the empty string)
/// as a percent-encoded ASCII string.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use url::Url;
/// # use url::ParseError;
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// assert_eq!(url.username(), "rms");
///
/// assert_eq!(url.username(), "");
///
/// assert_eq!(url.username(), "");
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
pub fn username(&self) -> &str {
let scheme_separator_len = "://".len() as u32;
if self.has_authority() && self.username_end > self.scheme_end + scheme_separator_len {
self.slice(self.scheme_end + scheme_separator_len..self.username_end)
} else {
""
}
}
/// Return the password for this URL, if any, as a percent-encoded ASCII string.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use url::Url;
/// # use url::ParseError;
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// assert_eq!(url.password(), Some("secret123"));
///
/// assert_eq!(url.password(), Some("secret123"));
///
/// assert_eq!(url.password(), None);
///
/// assert_eq!(url.password(), None);
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
pub fn password(&self) -> Option<&str> {
// This ':' is not the one marking a port number since a host can not be empty.
// (Except for file: URLs, which do not have port numbers.)
if self.has_authority()
&& self.username_end != self.serialization.len() as u32
&& self.byte_at(self.username_end) == b':'
{
debug_assert!(self.byte_at(self.host_start - 1) == b'@');
Some(self.slice(self.username_end + 1..self.host_start - 1))
} else {
None
}
}
/// Equivalent to `url.host().is_some()`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use url::Url;
/// # use url::ParseError;
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// assert!(url.has_host());
///
/// let url = Url::parse("unix:/run/foo.socket")?;
/// assert!(!url.has_host());
///
/// let url = Url::parse("data:text/plain,Stuff")?;
/// assert!(!url.has_host());
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
pub fn has_host(&self) -> bool {
!matches!(self.host, HostInternal::None)
}
/// Return the string representation of the host (domain or IP address) for this URL, if any.
///
/// Non-ASCII domains are punycode-encoded per IDNA if this is the host
/// of a special URL, or percent encoded for non-special URLs.
/// IPv6 addresses are given between `[` and `]` brackets.
///
/// Cannot-be-a-base URLs (typical of `data:` and `mailto:`) and some `file:` URLs
/// don’t have a host.
///
/// See also the `host` method.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use url::Url;
/// # use url::ParseError;
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// assert_eq!(url.host_str(), Some("127.0.0.1"));
///
/// assert_eq!(url.host_str(), Some("example.com"));
///
/// let url = Url::parse("unix:/run/foo.socket")?;
/// assert_eq!(url.host_str(), None);
///
/// let url = Url::parse("data:text/plain,Stuff")?;
/// assert_eq!(url.host_str(), None);
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
pub fn host_str(&self) -> Option<&str> {
if self.has_host() {
Some(self.slice(self.host_start..self.host_end))
} else {
None
}
}
/// Return the parsed representation of the host for this URL.
/// Non-ASCII domain labels are punycode-encoded per IDNA if this is the host
/// of a special URL, or percent encoded for non-special URLs.
///
/// Cannot-be-a-base URLs (typical of `data:` and `mailto:`) and some `file:` URLs
/// don’t have a host.
///
/// See also the `host_str` method.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use url::Url;
/// # use url::ParseError;
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// assert!(url.host().is_some());
///
/// assert!(url.host().is_some());
///
/// let url = Url::parse("unix:/run/foo.socket")?;
/// assert!(url.host().is_none());
///
/// let url = Url::parse("data:text/plain,Stuff")?;
/// assert!(url.host().is_none());
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
pub fn host(&self) -> Option<Host<&str>> {
match self.host {
HostInternal::None => None,
HostInternal::Domain => Some(Host::Domain(self.slice(self.host_start..self.host_end))),
HostInternal::Ipv4(address) => Some(Host::Ipv4(address)),
HostInternal::Ipv6(address) => Some(Host::Ipv6(address)),
}
}
/// If this URL has a host and it is a domain name (not an IP address), return it.
/// Non-ASCII domains are punycode-encoded per IDNA if this is the host
/// of a special URL, or percent encoded for non-special URLs.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use url::Url;
/// # use url::ParseError;
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// assert_eq!(url.domain(), None);
///
/// let url = Url::parse("mailto:rms@example.net")?;
/// assert_eq!(url.domain(), None);
///
/// assert_eq!(url.domain(), Some("example.com"));
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
pub fn domain(&self) -> Option<&str> {
match self.host {
HostInternal::Domain => Some(self.slice(self.host_start..self.host_end)),
_ => None,
}
}
/// Return the port number for this URL, if any.
///
/// Note that default port numbers are never reflected by the serialization,
/// use the `port_or_known_default()` method if you want a default port number returned.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use url::Url;
/// # use url::ParseError;
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// assert_eq!(url.port(), None);
///
/// assert_eq!(url.port(), None);
///
/// assert_eq!(url.port(), Some(22));
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
#[inline]
pub fn port(&self) -> Option<u16> {
self.port
}
/// Return the port number for this URL, or the default port number if it is known.
///
/// This method only knows the default port number
/// of the `http`, `https`, `ws`, `wss` and `ftp` schemes.
///
/// For URLs in these schemes, this method always returns `Some(_)`.
/// For other schemes, it is the same as `Url::port()`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use url::Url;
/// # use url::ParseError;
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// assert_eq!(url.port_or_known_default(), None);
///
/// assert_eq!(url.port_or_known_default(), Some(1456));
///
/// assert_eq!(url.port_or_known_default(), Some(443));
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
#[inline]
pub fn port_or_known_default(&self) -> Option<u16> {
self.port.or_else(|| parser::default_port(self.scheme()))
}
/// Resolve a URL’s host and port number to `SocketAddr`.
///
/// If the URL has the default port number of a scheme that is unknown to this library,
/// `default_port_number` provides an opportunity to provide the actual port number.
/// In non-example code this should be implemented either simply as `|| None`,
/// or by matching on the URL’s `.scheme()`.
///
/// If the host is a domain, it is resolved using the standard library’s DNS support.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```no_run
/// let addrs = url.socket_addrs(|| None).unwrap();
/// std::net::TcpStream::connect(&*addrs)
/// # ;
/// ```
///
/// ```
/// /// With application-specific known default port numbers
/// fn socket_addrs(url: url::Url) -> std::io::Result<Vec<std::net::SocketAddr>> {
/// url.socket_addrs(|| match url.scheme() {
/// "socks5" | "socks5h" => Some(1080),
/// _ => None,
/// })
/// }
/// ```
pub fn socket_addrs(
&self,
default_port_number: impl Fn() -> Option<u16>,
) -> io::Result<Vec<SocketAddr>> {
// Note: trying to avoid the Vec allocation by returning `impl AsRef<[SocketAddr]>`
// causes borrowck issues because the return value borrows `default_port_number`:
//
//
// > This RFC proposes that *all* type parameters are considered in scope
// > for `impl Trait` in return position
fn io_result<T>(opt: Option<T>, message: &str) -> io::Result<T> {
opt.ok_or_else(|| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, message))
}
let host = io_result(self.host(), "No host name in the URL")?;
let port = io_result(
self.port_or_known_default().or_else(default_port_number),
"No port number in the URL",
)?;
Ok(match host {
Host::Domain(domain) => (domain, port).to_socket_addrs()?.collect(),
Host::Ipv4(ip) => vec![(ip, port).into()],
Host::Ipv6(ip) => vec![(ip, port).into()],
})
}
/// Return the path for this URL, as a percent-encoded ASCII string.
/// For cannot-be-a-base URLs, this is an arbitrary string that doesn’t start with '/'.
/// For other URLs, this starts with a '/' slash
/// and continues with slash-separated path segments.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```rust
/// use url::{Url, ParseError};
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// assert_eq!(url.path(), "/api/versions");
///
/// assert_eq!(url.path(), "/");
///
/// assert_eq!(url.path(), "/countries/vi%E1%BB%87t%20nam");
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
pub fn path(&self) -> &str {
match (self.query_start, self.fragment_start) {
(None, None) => self.slice(self.path_start..),
(Some(next_component_start), _) | (None, Some(next_component_start)) => {
self.slice(self.path_start..next_component_start)
}
}
}
/// Unless this URL is cannot-be-a-base,
/// return an iterator of '/' slash-separated path segments,
/// each as a percent-encoded ASCII string.
///
/// Return `None` for cannot-be-a-base URLs.
///
/// When `Some` is returned, the iterator always contains at least one string
/// (which may be empty).
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use url::Url;
/// # use std::error::Error;
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
/// let mut path_segments = url.path_segments().ok_or_else(|| "cannot be base")?;
/// assert_eq!(path_segments.next(), Some("foo"));
/// assert_eq!(path_segments.next(), Some("bar"));
/// assert_eq!(path_segments.next(), None);
///
/// let mut path_segments = url.path_segments().ok_or_else(|| "cannot be base")?;
/// assert_eq!(path_segments.next(), Some(""));
/// assert_eq!(path_segments.next(), None);
///
/// let url = Url::parse("data:text/plain,HelloWorld")?;
/// assert!(url.path_segments().is_none());
///
/// let mut path_segments = url.path_segments().ok_or_else(|| "cannot be base")?;
/// assert_eq!(path_segments.next(), Some("countries"));
/// assert_eq!(path_segments.next(), Some("vi%E1%BB%87t%20nam"));
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
pub fn path_segments(&self) -> Option<str::Split<'_, char>> {
let path = self.path();
path.strip_prefix('/').map(|remainder| remainder.split('/'))
}
/// Return this URL’s query string, if any, as a percent-encoded ASCII string.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```rust
/// use url::Url;
/// # use url::ParseError;
///
/// fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// let query = url.query();
/// assert_eq!(query, Some("page=2"));
///
/// let query = url.query();
/// assert!(query.is_none());
///
/// let query = url.query();
/// assert_eq!(query, Some("country=espa%C3%B1ol"));
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
pub fn query(&self) -> Option<&str> {
match (self.query_start, self.fragment_start) {
(None, _) => None,
(Some(query_start), None) => {
debug_assert!(self.byte_at(query_start) == b'?');
Some(self.slice(query_start + 1..))
}
(Some(query_start), Some(fragment_start)) => {
debug_assert!(self.byte_at(query_start) == b'?');
Some(self.slice(query_start + 1..fragment_start))
}
}
}
/// Parse the URL’s query string, if any, as `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`
/// and return an iterator of (key, value) pairs.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```rust
/// use std::borrow::Cow;
///
/// use url::Url;
/// # use url::ParseError;
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// let mut pairs = url.query_pairs();
///
/// assert_eq!(pairs.count(), 2);
///
/// assert_eq!(pairs.next(), Some((Cow::Borrowed("page"), Cow::Borrowed("2"))));
/// assert_eq!(pairs.next(), Some((Cow::Borrowed("sort"), Cow::Borrowed("desc"))));
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
#[inline]
pub fn query_pairs(&self) -> form_urlencoded::Parse<'_> {
form_urlencoded::parse(self.query().unwrap_or("").as_bytes())
}
/// Return this URL’s fragment identifier, if any.
///
/// A fragment is the part of the URL after the `#` symbol.
/// The fragment is optional and, if present, contains a fragment identifier
/// that identifies a secondary resource, such as a section heading
/// of a document.
///
/// In HTML, the fragment identifier is usually the id attribute of a an element
/// that is scrolled to on load. Browsers typically will not send the fragment portion
/// of a URL to the server.
///
/// **Note:** the parser did *not* percent-encode this component,
/// but the input may have been percent-encoded already.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```rust
/// use url::Url;
/// # use url::ParseError;
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
///
/// assert_eq!(url.fragment(), Some("row=4"));
///
///
/// assert_eq!(url.fragment(), Some("cell=4,1-6,2"));
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
pub fn fragment(&self) -> Option<&str> {
self.fragment_start.map(|start| {
debug_assert!(self.byte_at(start) == b'#');
self.slice(start + 1..)
})
}
fn mutate<F: FnOnce(&mut Parser<'_>) -> R, R>(&mut self, f: F) -> R {
let mut parser = Parser::for_setter(mem::take(&mut self.serialization));
let result = f(&mut parser);
self.serialization = parser.serialization;
result
}
/// Change this URL’s fragment identifier.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```rust
/// use url::Url;
/// # use url::ParseError;
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// url.set_fragment(Some("cell=4,1-6,2"));
/// assert_eq!(url.fragment(), Some("cell=4,1-6,2"));
///
/// url.set_fragment(None);
/// assert!(url.fragment().is_none());
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
pub fn set_fragment(&mut self, fragment: Option<&str>) {
// Remove any previous fragment
if let Some(start) = self.fragment_start {
debug_assert!(self.byte_at(start) == b'#');
self.serialization.truncate(start as usize);
}
// Write the new one
if let Some(input) = fragment {
self.fragment_start = Some(to_u32(self.serialization.len()).unwrap());
self.serialization.push('#');
self.mutate(|parser| parser.parse_fragment(parser::Input::new_no_trim(input)))
} else {
self.fragment_start = None;
self.strip_trailing_spaces_from_opaque_path();
}
}
fn take_fragment(&mut self) -> Option<String> {
self.fragment_start.take().map(|start| {
debug_assert!(self.byte_at(start) == b'#');
let fragment = self.slice(start + 1..).to_owned();
self.serialization.truncate(start as usize);
fragment
})
}
fn restore_already_parsed_fragment(&mut self, fragment: Option<String>) {
if let Some(ref fragment) = fragment {
assert!(self.fragment_start.is_none());
self.fragment_start = Some(to_u32(self.serialization.len()).unwrap());
self.serialization.push('#');
self.serialization.push_str(fragment);
}
}
/// Change this URL’s query string.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```rust
/// use url::Url;
/// # use url::ParseError;
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
///
/// url.set_query(Some("page=2"));
/// assert_eq!(url.query(), Some("page=2"));
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
pub fn set_query(&mut self, query: Option<&str>) {
let fragment = self.take_fragment();
// Remove any previous query
if let Some(start) = self.query_start.take() {
debug_assert!(self.byte_at(start) == b'?');
self.serialization.truncate(start as usize);
}
// Write the new query, if any
if let Some(input) = query {
self.query_start = Some(to_u32(self.serialization.len()).unwrap());
self.serialization.push('?');
let scheme_type = SchemeType::from(self.scheme());
let scheme_end = self.scheme_end;
self.mutate(|parser| {
let vfn = parser.violation_fn;
parser.parse_query(
scheme_type,
scheme_end,
parser::Input::new_trim_tab_and_newlines(input, vfn),
)
});
} else {
self.query_start = None;
if fragment.is_none() {
self.strip_trailing_spaces_from_opaque_path();
}
}
self.restore_already_parsed_fragment(fragment);
}
/// Manipulate this URL’s query string, viewed as a sequence of name/value pairs
/// in `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` syntax.
///
/// The return value has a method-chaining API:
///
/// ```rust
/// # use url::{Url, ParseError};
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// assert_eq!(url.query(), Some("lang=fr"));
///
/// url.query_pairs_mut().append_pair("foo", "bar");
/// assert_eq!(url.query(), Some("lang=fr&foo=bar"));
///
/// url.query_pairs_mut()
/// .clear()
/// .append_pair("foo", "bar & baz")
/// .append_pair("saisons", "\u{00C9}t\u{00E9}+hiver");
/// assert_eq!(url.query(), Some("foo=bar+%26+baz&saisons=%C3%89t%C3%A9%2Bhiver"));
/// assert_eq!(url.as_str(),
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
///
/// Note: `url.query_pairs_mut().clear();` is equivalent to `url.set_query(Some(""))`,
/// not `url.set_query(None)`.
///
/// The state of `Url` is unspecified if this return value is leaked without being dropped.
pub fn query_pairs_mut(&mut self) -> form_urlencoded::Serializer<'_, UrlQuery<'_>> {
let fragment = self.take_fragment();
let query_start;
if let Some(start) = self.query_start {
debug_assert!(self.byte_at(start) == b'?');
query_start = start as usize;
} else {
query_start = self.serialization.len();
self.query_start = Some(to_u32(query_start).unwrap());
self.serialization.push('?');
}
let query = UrlQuery {
url: Some(self),
fragment,
};
form_urlencoded::Serializer::for_suffix(query, query_start + "?".len())
}
fn take_after_path(&mut self) -> String {
match (self.query_start, self.fragment_start) {
(Some(i), _) | (None, Some(i)) => {
let after_path = self.slice(i..).to_owned();
self.serialization.truncate(i as usize);
after_path
}
(None, None) => String::new(),
}
}
/// Change this URL’s path.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```rust
/// use url::Url;
/// # use url::ParseError;
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// url.set_path("api/comments");
/// assert_eq!(url.path(), "/api/comments");
///
/// url.set_path("data/report.csv");
/// assert_eq!(url.path(), "/data/report.csv");
///
/// // `set_path` percent-encodes the given string if it's not already percent-encoded.
/// url.set_path("api/some comments");
/// assert_eq!(url.path(), "/api/some%20comments");
///
/// // `set_path` will not double percent-encode the string if it's already percent-encoded.
/// url.set_path("api/some%20comments");
/// assert_eq!(url.path(), "/api/some%20comments");
///
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
pub fn set_path(&mut self, mut path: &str) {
let after_path = self.take_after_path();
let old_after_path_pos = to_u32(self.serialization.len()).unwrap();
let cannot_be_a_base = self.cannot_be_a_base();
let scheme_type = SchemeType::from(self.scheme());
self.serialization.truncate(self.path_start as usize);
self.mutate(|parser| {
if cannot_be_a_base {
if path.starts_with('/') {
parser.serialization.push_str("%2F");
path = &path[1..];
}
parser.parse_cannot_be_a_base_path(parser::Input::new_no_trim(path));
} else {
let mut has_host = true; // FIXME
parser.parse_path_start(
scheme_type,
&mut has_host,
parser::Input::new_no_trim(path),
);
}
});
self.restore_after_path(old_after_path_pos, &after_path);
}
/// Return an object with methods to manipulate this URL’s path segments.
///
/// Return `Err(())` if this URL is cannot-be-a-base.
#[allow(clippy::result_unit_err)]
pub fn path_segments_mut(&mut self) -> Result<PathSegmentsMut<'_>, ()> {
if self.cannot_be_a_base() {
Err(())
} else {
Ok(path_segments::new(self))
}
}
fn restore_after_path(&mut self, old_after_path_position: u32, after_path: &str) {
let new_after_path_position = to_u32(self.serialization.len()).unwrap();
let adjust = |index: &mut u32| {
*index -= old_after_path_position;
*index += new_after_path_position;
};
if let Some(ref mut index) = self.query_start {
adjust(index)
}
if let Some(ref mut index) = self.fragment_start {
adjust(index)
}
self.serialization.push_str(after_path)
}
/// Change this URL’s port number.
///
/// Note that default port numbers are not reflected in the serialization.
///
/// If this URL is cannot-be-a-base, does not have a host, or has the `file` scheme;
/// do nothing and return `Err`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use url::Url;
/// # use std::error::Error;
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
///
/// url.set_port(Some(4096)).map_err(|_| "cannot be base")?;
///
/// url.set_port(None).map_err(|_| "cannot be base")?;
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
///
/// Known default port numbers are not reflected:
///
/// ```rust
/// use url::Url;
/// # use std::error::Error;
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
///
/// url.set_port(Some(443)).map_err(|_| "cannot be base")?;
/// assert!(url.port().is_none());
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
///
/// Cannot set port for cannot-be-a-base URLs:
///
/// ```
/// use url::Url;
/// # use url::ParseError;
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// let mut url = Url::parse("mailto:rms@example.net")?;
///
/// let result = url.set_port(Some(80));
/// assert!(result.is_err());
///
/// let result = url.set_port(None);
/// assert!(result.is_err());
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
#[allow(clippy::result_unit_err)]
pub fn set_port(&mut self, mut port: Option<u16>) -> Result<(), ()> {
// has_host implies !cannot_be_a_base
if !self.has_host() || self.host() == Some(Host::Domain("")) || self.scheme() == "file" {
return Err(());
}
if port.is_some() && port == parser::default_port(self.scheme()) {
port = None
}
self.set_port_internal(port);
Ok(())
}
fn set_port_internal(&mut self, port: Option<u16>) {
match (self.port, port) {
(None, None) => {}
(Some(_), None) => {
self.serialization
.drain(self.host_end as usize..self.path_start as usize);
let offset = self.path_start - self.host_end;
self.path_start = self.host_end;
if let Some(ref mut index) = self.query_start {
*index -= offset
}
if let Some(ref mut index) = self.fragment_start {
*index -= offset
}
}
(Some(old), Some(new)) if old == new => {}
(_, Some(new)) => {
let path_and_after = self.slice(self.path_start..).to_owned();
self.serialization.truncate(self.host_end as usize);
write!(&mut self.serialization, ":{}", new).unwrap();
let old_path_start = self.path_start;
let new_path_start = to_u32(self.serialization.len()).unwrap();
self.path_start = new_path_start;
let adjust = |index: &mut u32| {
*index -= old_path_start;
*index += new_path_start;
};
if let Some(ref mut index) = self.query_start {
adjust(index)
}
if let Some(ref mut index) = self.fragment_start {
adjust(index)
}
self.serialization.push_str(&path_and_after);
}
}
self.port = port;
}
/// Change this URL’s host.
///
/// Removing the host (calling this with `None`)
/// will also remove any username, password, and port number.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// Change host:
///
/// ```
/// use url::Url;
/// # use url::ParseError;
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// let result = url.set_host(Some("rust-lang.org"));
/// assert!(result.is_ok());
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
///
/// Remove host:
///
/// ```
/// use url::Url;
/// # use url::ParseError;
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// let result = url.set_host(None);
/// assert!(result.is_ok());
/// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "foo:/");
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
///
/// Cannot remove host for 'special' schemes (e.g. `http`):
///
/// ```
/// use url::Url;
/// # use url::ParseError;
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// let result = url.set_host(None);
/// assert!(result.is_err());
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
///
/// Cannot change or remove host for cannot-be-a-base URLs:
///
/// ```
/// use url::Url;
/// # use url::ParseError;
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// let mut url = Url::parse("mailto:rms@example.net")?;
///
/// let result = url.set_host(Some("rust-lang.org"));
/// assert!(result.is_err());
/// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "mailto:rms@example.net");
///
/// let result = url.set_host(None);
/// assert!(result.is_err());
/// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "mailto:rms@example.net");
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
///
/// # Errors
///
/// If this URL is cannot-be-a-base or there is an error parsing the given `host`,
/// a [`ParseError`] variant will be returned.
///
/// [`ParseError`]: enum.ParseError.html
pub fn set_host(&mut self, host: Option<&str>) -> Result<(), ParseError> {
if self.cannot_be_a_base() {
return Err(ParseError::SetHostOnCannotBeABaseUrl);
}
let scheme_type = SchemeType::from(self.scheme());
if let Some(host) = host {
if host.is_empty() && scheme_type.is_special() && !scheme_type.is_file() {
return Err(ParseError::EmptyHost);
}
let mut host_substr = host;
// Otherwise, if c is U+003A (:) and the [] flag is unset, then
if !host.starts_with('[') || !host.ends_with(']') {
match host.find(':') {
Some(0) => {
// If buffer is the empty string, validation error, return failure.
return Err(ParseError::InvalidDomainCharacter);
}
// Let host be the result of host parsing buffer
Some(colon_index) => {
host_substr = &host[..colon_index];
}
None => {}
}
}
if SchemeType::from(self.scheme()).is_special() {
self.set_host_internal(Host::parse(host_substr)?, None);
} else {
self.set_host_internal(Host::parse_opaque(host_substr)?, None);
}
} else if self.has_host() {
if scheme_type.is_special() && !scheme_type.is_file() {
return Err(ParseError::EmptyHost);
} else if self.serialization.len() == self.path_start as usize {
self.serialization.push('/');
}
debug_assert!(self.byte_at(self.scheme_end) == b':');
debug_assert!(self.byte_at(self.path_start) == b'/');
let new_path_start = if scheme_type.is_file() {
self.scheme_end + 3
} else {
self.scheme_end + 1
};
self.serialization
.drain(new_path_start as usize..self.path_start as usize);
let offset = self.path_start - new_path_start;
self.path_start = new_path_start;
self.username_end = new_path_start;
self.host_start = new_path_start;
self.host_end = new_path_start;
self.port = None;
if let Some(ref mut index) = self.query_start {
*index -= offset
}
if let Some(ref mut index) = self.fragment_start {
*index -= offset
}
}
Ok(())
}
/// opt_new_port: None means leave unchanged, Some(None) means remove any port number.
fn set_host_internal(&mut self, host: Host<String>, opt_new_port: Option<Option<u16>>) {
let old_suffix_pos = if opt_new_port.is_some() {
self.path_start
} else {
self.host_end
};
let suffix = self.slice(old_suffix_pos..).to_owned();
self.serialization.truncate(self.host_start as usize);
if !self.has_authority() {
debug_assert!(self.slice(self.scheme_end..self.host_start) == ":");
debug_assert!(self.username_end == self.host_start);
self.serialization.push('/');
self.serialization.push('/');
self.username_end += 2;
self.host_start += 2;
}
write!(&mut self.serialization, "{}", host).unwrap();
self.host_end = to_u32(self.serialization.len()).unwrap();
self.host = host.into();
if let Some(new_port) = opt_new_port {
self.port = new_port;
if let Some(port) = new_port {
write!(&mut self.serialization, ":{}", port).unwrap();
}
}
let new_suffix_pos = to_u32(self.serialization.len()).unwrap();
self.serialization.push_str(&suffix);
let adjust = |index: &mut u32| {
*index -= old_suffix_pos;
*index += new_suffix_pos;
};
adjust(&mut self.path_start);
if let Some(ref mut index) = self.query_start {
adjust(index)
}
if let Some(ref mut index) = self.fragment_start {
adjust(index)
}
}
/// Change this URL’s host to the given IP address.
///
/// If this URL is cannot-be-a-base, do nothing and return `Err`.
///
/// Compared to `Url::set_host`, this skips the host parser.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```rust
/// use url::{Url, ParseError};
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// url.set_ip_host("127.0.0.1".parse().unwrap());
/// assert_eq!(url.host_str(), Some("127.0.0.1"));
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
///
/// Cannot change URL's from mailto(cannot-be-base) to ip:
///
/// ```rust
/// use url::{Url, ParseError};
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// let mut url = Url::parse("mailto:rms@example.com")?;
/// let result = url.set_ip_host("127.0.0.1".parse().unwrap());
///
/// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "mailto:rms@example.com");
/// assert!(result.is_err());
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
///
#[allow(clippy::result_unit_err)]
pub fn set_ip_host(&mut self, address: IpAddr) -> Result<(), ()> {
if self.cannot_be_a_base() {
return Err(());
}
let address = match address {
IpAddr::V4(address) => Host::Ipv4(address),
IpAddr::V6(address) => Host::Ipv6(address),
};
self.set_host_internal(address, None);
Ok(())
}
/// Change this URL’s password.
///
/// If this URL is cannot-be-a-base or does not have a host, do nothing and return `Err`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```rust
/// use url::{Url, ParseError};
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// let mut url = Url::parse("mailto:rmz@example.com")?;
/// let result = url.set_password(Some("secret_password"));
/// assert!(result.is_err());
///
/// let result = url.set_password(Some("secret_password"));
/// assert_eq!(url.password(), Some("secret_password"));
///
/// let result = url.set_password(Some("secret2"));
/// assert!(result.is_ok());
/// assert_eq!(url.password(), Some("secret2"));
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
#[allow(clippy::result_unit_err)]
pub fn set_password(&mut self, password: Option<&str>) -> Result<(), ()> {
// has_host implies !cannot_be_a_base
if !self.has_host() || self.host() == Some(Host::Domain("")) || self.scheme() == "file" {
return Err(());
}
let password = password.unwrap_or_default();
if !password.is_empty() {
let host_and_after = self.slice(self.host_start..).to_owned();
self.serialization.truncate(self.username_end as usize);
self.serialization.push(':');
self.serialization
.extend(utf8_percent_encode(password, USERINFO));
self.serialization.push('@');
let old_host_start = self.host_start;
let new_host_start = to_u32(self.serialization.len()).unwrap();
let adjust = |index: &mut u32| {
*index -= old_host_start;
*index += new_host_start;
};
self.host_start = new_host_start;
adjust(&mut self.host_end);
adjust(&mut self.path_start);
if let Some(ref mut index) = self.query_start {
adjust(index)
}
if let Some(ref mut index) = self.fragment_start {
adjust(index)
}
self.serialization.push_str(&host_and_after);
} else if self.byte_at(self.username_end) == b':' {
// If there is a password to remove
let has_username_or_password = self.byte_at(self.host_start - 1) == b'@';
debug_assert!(has_username_or_password);
let username_start = self.scheme_end + 3;
let empty_username = username_start == self.username_end;
let start = self.username_end; // Remove the ':'
let end = if empty_username {
self.host_start // Remove the '@' as well
} else {
self.host_start - 1 // Keep the '@' to separate the username from the host
};
self.serialization.drain(start as usize..end as usize);
let offset = end - start;
self.host_start -= offset;
self.host_end -= offset;
self.path_start -= offset;
if let Some(ref mut index) = self.query_start {
*index -= offset
}
if let Some(ref mut index) = self.fragment_start {
*index -= offset
}
}
Ok(())
}
/// Change this URL’s username.
///
/// If this URL is cannot-be-a-base or does not have a host, do nothing and return `Err`.
/// # Examples
///
/// Cannot setup username from mailto(cannot-be-base)
///
/// ```rust
/// use url::{Url, ParseError};
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// let mut url = Url::parse("mailto:rmz@example.com")?;
/// let result = url.set_username("user1");
/// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "mailto:rmz@example.com");
/// assert!(result.is_err());
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
///
/// Setup username to user1
///
/// ```rust
/// use url::{Url, ParseError};
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// let result = url.set_username("user1");
/// assert!(result.is_ok());
/// assert_eq!(url.username(), "user1");
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
#[allow(clippy::result_unit_err)]
pub fn set_username(&mut self, username: &str) -> Result<(), ()> {
// has_host implies !cannot_be_a_base
if !self.has_host() || self.host() == Some(Host::Domain("")) || self.scheme() == "file" {
return Err(());
}
let username_start = self.scheme_end + 3;
debug_assert!(self.slice(self.scheme_end..username_start) == "://");
if self.slice(username_start..self.username_end) == username {
return Ok(());
}
let after_username = self.slice(self.username_end..).to_owned();
self.serialization.truncate(username_start as usize);
self.serialization
.extend(utf8_percent_encode(username, USERINFO));
let mut removed_bytes = self.username_end;
self.username_end = to_u32(self.serialization.len()).unwrap();
let mut added_bytes = self.username_end;
let new_username_is_empty = self.username_end == username_start;
match (new_username_is_empty, after_username.chars().next()) {
(true, Some('@')) => {
removed_bytes += 1;
self.serialization.push_str(&after_username[1..]);
}
(false, Some('@')) | (_, Some(':')) | (true, _) => {
self.serialization.push_str(&after_username);
}
(false, _) => {
added_bytes += 1;
self.serialization.push('@');
self.serialization.push_str(&after_username);
}
}
let adjust = |index: &mut u32| {
*index -= removed_bytes;
*index += added_bytes;
};
adjust(&mut self.host_start);
adjust(&mut self.host_end);
adjust(&mut self.path_start);
if let Some(ref mut index) = self.query_start {
adjust(index)
}
if let Some(ref mut index) = self.fragment_start {
adjust(index)
}
Ok(())
}
/// Change this URL’s scheme.
///
/// Do nothing and return `Err` under the following circumstances:
///
/// * If the new scheme is not in `[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9+.-]+`
/// * If this URL is cannot-be-a-base and the new scheme is one of
/// `http`, `https`, `ws`, `wss` or `ftp`
/// * If either the old or new scheme is `http`, `https`, `ws`,
/// `wss` or `ftp` and the other is not one of these
/// * If the new scheme is `file` and this URL includes credentials
/// or has a non-null port
/// * If this URL's scheme is `file` and its host is empty or null
///
/// See also [the URL specification's section on legal scheme state
///
/// # Examples
///
/// Change the URL’s scheme from `https` to `http`:
///
/// ```
/// use url::Url;
/// # use url::ParseError;
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// let result = url.set_scheme("http");
/// assert!(result.is_ok());
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
/// Change the URL’s scheme from `foo` to `bar`:
///
/// ```
/// use url::Url;
/// # use url::ParseError;
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// let result = url.set_scheme("bar");
/// assert!(result.is_ok());
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
///
/// Cannot change URL’s scheme from `https` to `foõ`:
///
/// ```
/// use url::Url;
/// # use url::ParseError;
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// let result = url.set_scheme("foõ");
/// assert!(result.is_err());
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
///
/// Cannot change URL’s scheme from `mailto` (cannot-be-a-base) to `https`:
///
/// ```
/// use url::Url;
/// # use url::ParseError;
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// let mut url = Url::parse("mailto:rms@example.net")?;
/// let result = url.set_scheme("https");
/// assert_eq!(url.as_str(), "mailto:rms@example.net");
/// assert!(result.is_err());
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
/// Cannot change the URL’s scheme from `foo` to `https`:
///
/// ```
/// use url::Url;
/// # use url::ParseError;
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// let result = url.set_scheme("https");
/// assert!(result.is_err());
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
/// Cannot change the URL’s scheme from `http` to `foo`:
///
/// ```
/// use url::Url;
/// # use url::ParseError;
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ParseError> {
/// let result = url.set_scheme("foo");
/// assert!(result.is_err());
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// ```
#[allow(clippy::result_unit_err, clippy::suspicious_operation_groupings)]
pub fn set_scheme(&mut self, scheme: &str) -> Result<(), ()> {
let mut parser = Parser::for_setter(String::new());
let remaining = parser.parse_scheme(parser::Input::new_no_trim(scheme))?;
let new_scheme_type = SchemeType::from(&parser.serialization);
let old_scheme_type = SchemeType::from(self.scheme());
// If url’s scheme is a special scheme and buffer is not a special scheme, then return.
if (new_scheme_type.is_special() && !old_scheme_type.is_special()) ||
// If url’s scheme is not a special scheme and buffer is a special scheme, then return.
(!new_scheme_type.is_special() && old_scheme_type.is_special()) ||
// If url includes credentials or has a non-null port, and buffer is "file", then return.
// If url’s scheme is "file" and its host is an empty host or null, then return.
(new_scheme_type.is_file() && self.has_authority())
{
return Err(());
}
if !remaining.is_empty() || (!self.has_host() && new_scheme_type.is_special()) {
return Err(());
}
let old_scheme_end = self.scheme_end;
let new_scheme_end = to_u32(parser.serialization.len()).unwrap();
let adjust = |index: &mut u32| {
*index -= old_scheme_end;
*index += new_scheme_end;
};
self.scheme_end = new_scheme_end;
adjust(&mut self.username_end);
adjust(&mut self.host_start);
adjust(&mut self.host_end);
adjust(&mut self.path_start);
if let Some(ref mut index) = self.query_start {
adjust(index)
}
if let Some(ref mut index) = self.fragment_start {
adjust(index)
}
parser.serialization.push_str(self.slice(old_scheme_end..));
self.serialization = parser.serialization;
// Update the port so it can be removed
// If it is the scheme's default
// we don't mind it silently failing
// if there was no port in the first place
let previous_port = self.port();
let _ = self.set_port(previous_port);
Ok(())
}
/// Convert a file name as `std::path::Path` into an URL in the `file` scheme.
///
/// This returns `Err` if the given path is not absolute or,
/// on Windows, if the prefix is not a disk prefix (e.g. `C:`) or a UNC prefix (`\\`).
///
/// # Examples
///
/// On Unix-like platforms:
///
/// ```
/// # if cfg!(unix) {
/// use url::Url;
///
/// # fn run() -> Result<(), ()> {
/// let url = Url::from_file_path("/tmp/foo.txt")?;
///
/// let url = Url::from_file_path("../foo.txt");
/// assert!(url.is_err());
///
/// assert!(url.is_err());
/// # Ok(())
/// # }
/// # run().unwrap();
/// # }
/// ```
#[cfg(any(unix, windows, target_os = "redox", target_os = "wasi"))]
#[allow(clippy::result_unit_err)]
pub fn from_file_path<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> Result<Url, ()> {
let mut serialization = "file://".to_owned();
let host_start = serialization.len() as u32;
let (host_end, host) = path_to_file_url_segments(path.as_ref(), &mut serialization)?;
Ok(Url {
serialization,
scheme_end: "file".len() as u32,
username_end: host_start,
host_start,
host_end,
host,
port: None,
path_start: host_end,
query_start: None,
fragment_start: None,
})
}
/// Convert a directory name as `std::path::Path` into an URL in the `file` scheme.
///
/// This returns `Err` if the given path is not absolute or,
/// on Windows, if the prefix is not a disk prefix (e.g. `C:`) or a UNC prefix (`\\`).
///
/// Compared to `from_file_path`, this ensure that URL’s the path has a trailing slash
/// so that the entire path is considered when using this URL as a base URL.
///
/// For example:
///
/// * `"index.html"` parsed with `Url::from_directory_path(Path::new("/var/www"))`
/// * `"index.html"` parsed with `Url::from_file_path(Path::new("/var/www"))`
///
/// Note that `std::path` does not consider trailing slashes significant
/// and usually does not include them (e.g. in `Path::parent()`).
#[cfg(any(unix, windows, target_os = "redox", target_os = "wasi"))]
#[allow(clippy::result_unit_err)]
pub fn from_directory_path<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P) -> Result<Url, ()> {
let mut url = Url::from_file_path(path)?;
if !url.serialization.ends_with('/') {
url.serialization.push('/')
}
Ok(url)
}
/// Serialize with Serde using the internal representation of the `Url` struct.
///
/// The corresponding `deserialize_internal` method sacrifices some invariant-checking
/// for speed, compared to the `Deserialize` trait impl.
///
/// This method is only available if the `serde` Cargo feature is enabled.
#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
#[deny(unused)]
pub fn serialize_internal<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
where
S: serde::Serializer,
{
use serde::Serialize;
// Destructuring first lets us ensure that adding or removing fields forces this method
// to be updated
let Url {
ref serialization,
ref scheme_end,
ref username_end,
ref host_start,
ref host_end,
ref host,
ref port,
ref path_start,
ref query_start,
ref fragment_start,
} = *self;
(
serialization,
scheme_end,
username_end,
host_start,
host_end,
host,
port,
path_start,
query_start,
fragment_start,
)
.serialize(serializer)
}
/// Serialize with Serde using the internal representation of the `Url` struct.
///
/// The corresponding `deserialize_internal` method sacrifices some invariant-checking
/// for speed, compared to the `Deserialize` trait impl.
///
/// This method is only available if the `serde` Cargo feature is enabled.
#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
#[deny(unused)]
pub fn deserialize_internal<'de, D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Self, D::Error>
where
D: serde::Deserializer<'de>,
{
use serde::de::{Deserialize, Error, Unexpected};
let (
serialization,
scheme_end,
username_end,
host_start,
host_end,
host,
port,
path_start,
query_start,
fragment_start,
) = Deserialize::deserialize(deserializer)?;
let url = Url {
serialization,
scheme_end,
username_end,
host_start,
host_end,
host,
port,
path_start,
query_start,
fragment_start,
};
if cfg!(debug_assertions) {
url.check_invariants().map_err(|reason| {
let reason: &str = &reason;
Error::invalid_value(Unexpected::Other("value"), &reason)
})?
}
Ok(url)
}
/// Assuming the URL is in the `file` scheme or similar,
/// convert its path to an absolute `std::path::Path`.
///
/// **Note:** This does not actually check the URL’s `scheme`,
/// and may give nonsensical results for other schemes.
/// It is the user’s responsibility to check the URL’s scheme before calling this.
///
/// ```
/// # use url::Url;
/// let path = url.to_file_path();
/// ```
///
/// Returns `Err` if the host is neither empty nor `"localhost"` (except on Windows, where
/// `file:` URLs may have a non-local host),
/// or if `Path::new_opt()` returns `None`.
/// (That is, if the percent-decoded path contains a NUL byte or,
/// for a Windows path, is not UTF-8.)
#[inline]
#[cfg(any(unix, windows, target_os = "redox", target_os = "wasi"))]
#[allow(clippy::result_unit_err)]
pub fn to_file_path(&self) -> Result<PathBuf, ()> {
if let Some(segments) = self.path_segments() {
let host = match self.host() {
None | Some(Host::Domain("localhost")) => None,
Some(_) if cfg!(windows) && self.scheme() == "file" => {
Some(&self.serialization[self.host_start as usize..self.host_end as usize])
}
_ => return Err(()),
};
return file_url_segments_to_pathbuf(host, segments);
}
Err(())
}
// Private helper methods:
#[inline]
fn slice<R>(&self, range: R) -> &str
where
R: RangeArg,
{
range.slice_of(&self.serialization)
}
#[inline]
fn byte_at(&self, i: u32) -> u8 {
self.serialization.as_bytes()[i as usize]
}
}
/// Parse a string as an URL, without a base URL or encoding override.
impl str::FromStr for Url {
type Err = ParseError;
#[inline]
fn from_str(input: &str) -> Result<Url, crate::ParseError> {
Url::parse(input)
}
}
impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a str> for Url {
type Error = ParseError;
fn try_from(s: &'a str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
Url::parse(s)
}
}
/// Display the serialization of this URL.
impl fmt::Display for Url {
#[inline]
fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
fmt::Display::fmt(&self.serialization, formatter)
}
}
/// String conversion.
impl From<Url> for String {
fn from(value: Url) -> String {
value.serialization
}
}
/// Debug the serialization of this URL.
impl fmt::Debug for Url {
#[inline]
fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
formatter
.debug_struct("Url")
.field("scheme", &self.scheme())
.field("cannot_be_a_base", &self.cannot_be_a_base())
.field("username", &self.username())
.field("password", &self.password())
.field("host", &self.host())
.field("port", &self.port())
.field("path", &self.path())
.field("query", &self.query())
.field("fragment", &self.fragment())
.finish()
}
}
/// URLs compare like their serialization.
impl Eq for Url {}
/// URLs compare like their serialization.
impl PartialEq for Url {
#[inline]
fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
self.serialization == other.serialization
}
}
/// URLs compare like their serialization.
impl Ord for Url {
#[inline]
fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> cmp::Ordering {
self.serialization.cmp(&other.serialization)
}
}
/// URLs compare like their serialization.
impl PartialOrd for Url {
#[inline]
fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<cmp::Ordering> {
Some(self.cmp(other))
}
}
/// URLs hash like their serialization.
impl hash::Hash for Url {
#[inline]
fn hash<H>(&self, state: &mut H)
where
H: hash::Hasher,
{
hash::Hash::hash(&self.serialization, state)
}
}
/// Return the serialization of this URL.
impl AsRef<str> for Url {
#[inline]
fn as_ref(&self) -> &str {
&self.serialization
}
}
trait RangeArg {
fn slice_of<'a>(&self, s: &'a str) -> &'a str;
}
impl RangeArg for Range<u32> {
#[inline]
fn slice_of<'a>(&self, s: &'a str) -> &'a str {
&s[self.start as usize..self.end as usize]
}
}
impl RangeArg for RangeFrom<u32> {
#[inline]
fn slice_of<'a>(&self, s: &'a str) -> &'a str {
&s[self.start as usize..]
}
}
impl RangeArg for RangeTo<u32> {
#[inline]
fn slice_of<'a>(&self, s: &'a str) -> &'a str {
&s[..self.end as usize]
}
}
/// Serializes this URL into a `serde` stream.
///
/// This implementation is only available if the `serde` Cargo feature is enabled.
#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
impl serde::Serialize for Url {
fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
where
S: serde::Serializer,
{
serializer.serialize_str(self.as_str())
}
}
/// Deserializes this URL from a `serde` stream.
///
/// This implementation is only available if the `serde` Cargo feature is enabled.
#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
impl<'de> serde::Deserialize<'de> for Url {
fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<Url, D::Error>
where
D: serde::Deserializer<'de>,
{
use serde::de::{Error, Unexpected, Visitor};
struct UrlVisitor;
impl<'de> Visitor<'de> for UrlVisitor {
type Value = Url;
fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
formatter.write_str("a string representing an URL")
}
fn visit_str<E>(self, s: &str) -> Result<Self::Value, E>
where
E: Error,
{
Url::parse(s).map_err(|err| {
let err_s = format!("{}", err);
Error::invalid_value(Unexpected::Str(s), &err_s.as_str())
})
}
}
deserializer.deserialize_str(UrlVisitor)
}
}
#[cfg(any(unix, target_os = "redox", target_os = "wasi"))]
fn path_to_file_url_segments(
path: &Path,
serialization: &mut String,
) -> Result<(u32, HostInternal), ()> {
#[cfg(any(unix, target_os = "redox"))]
use std::os::unix::prelude::OsStrExt;
#[cfg(target_os = "wasi")]
use std::os::wasi::prelude::OsStrExt;
if !path.is_absolute() {
return Err(());
}
let host_end = to_u32(serialization.len()).unwrap();
let mut empty = true;
// skip the root component
for component in path.components().skip(1) {
empty = false;
serialization.push('/');
serialization.extend(percent_encode(
component.as_os_str().as_bytes(),
PATH_SEGMENT,
));
}
if empty {
// An URL’s path must not be empty.
serialization.push('/');
}
Ok((host_end, HostInternal::None))
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn path_to_file_url_segments(
path: &Path,
serialization: &mut String,
) -> Result<(u32, HostInternal), ()> {
path_to_file_url_segments_windows(path, serialization)
}
#[cfg_attr(not(windows), allow(dead_code))]
fn path_to_file_url_segments_windows(
path: &Path,
serialization: &mut String,
) -> Result<(u32, HostInternal), ()> {
use std::path::{Component, Prefix};
if !path.is_absolute() {
return Err(());
}
let mut components = path.components();
let host_start = serialization.len() + 1;
let host_end;
let host_internal;
match components.next() {
Some(Component::Prefix(ref p)) => match p.kind() {
Prefix::Disk(letter) | Prefix::VerbatimDisk(letter) => {
host_end = to_u32(serialization.len()).unwrap();
host_internal = HostInternal::None;
serialization.push('/');
serialization.push(letter as char);
serialization.push(':');
}
Prefix::UNC(server, share) | Prefix::VerbatimUNC(server, share) => {
let host = Host::parse(server.to_str().ok_or(())?).map_err(|_| ())?;
write!(serialization, "{}", host).unwrap();
host_end = to_u32(serialization.len()).unwrap();
host_internal = host.into();
serialization.push('/');
let share = share.to_str().ok_or(())?;
serialization.extend(percent_encode(share.as_bytes(), PATH_SEGMENT));
}
_ => return Err(()),
},
_ => return Err(()),
}
let mut path_only_has_prefix = true;
for component in components {
if component == Component::RootDir {
continue;
}
path_only_has_prefix = false;
// FIXME: somehow work with non-unicode?
let component = component.as_os_str().to_str().ok_or(())?;
serialization.push('/');
serialization.extend(percent_encode(component.as_bytes(), PATH_SEGMENT));
}
// A windows drive letter must end with a slash.
if serialization.len() > host_start
&& parser::is_windows_drive_letter(&serialization[host_start..])
&& path_only_has_prefix
{
serialization.push('/');
}
Ok((host_end, host_internal))
}
#[cfg(any(unix, target_os = "redox", target_os = "wasi"))]
fn file_url_segments_to_pathbuf(
host: Option<&str>,
segments: str::Split<'_, char>,
) -> Result<PathBuf, ()> {
use std::ffi::OsStr;
#[cfg(any(unix, target_os = "redox"))]
use std::os::unix::prelude::OsStrExt;
#[cfg(target_os = "wasi")]
use std::os::wasi::prelude::OsStrExt;
if host.is_some() {
return Err(());
}
let mut bytes = if cfg!(target_os = "redox") {
b"file:".to_vec()
} else {
Vec::new()
};
for segment in segments {
bytes.push(b'/');
bytes.extend(percent_decode(segment.as_bytes()));
}
// A windows drive letter must end with a slash.
if bytes.len() > 2
&& bytes[bytes.len() - 2].is_ascii_alphabetic()
&& matches!(bytes[bytes.len() - 1], b':' | b'|')
{
bytes.push(b'/');
}
let os_str = OsStr::from_bytes(&bytes);
let path = PathBuf::from(os_str);
debug_assert!(
path.is_absolute(),
"to_file_path() failed to produce an absolute Path"
);
Ok(path)
}
#[cfg(windows)]
fn file_url_segments_to_pathbuf(
host: Option<&str>,
segments: str::Split<char>,
) -> Result<PathBuf, ()> {
file_url_segments_to_pathbuf_windows(host, segments)
}
#[cfg_attr(not(windows), allow(dead_code))]
fn file_url_segments_to_pathbuf_windows(
host: Option<&str>,
mut segments: str::Split<'_, char>,
) -> Result<PathBuf, ()> {
let mut string = if let Some(host) = host {
r"\\".to_owned() + host
} else {
let first = segments.next().ok_or(())?;
match first.len() {
2 => {
if !first.starts_with(parser::ascii_alpha) || first.as_bytes()[1] != b':' {
return Err(());
}
first.to_owned()
}
4 => {
if !first.starts_with(parser::ascii_alpha) {
return Err(());
}
let bytes = first.as_bytes();
if bytes[1] != b'%' || bytes[2] != b'3' || (bytes[3] != b'a' && bytes[3] != b'A') {
return Err(());
}
first[0..1].to_owned() + ":"
}
_ => return Err(()),
}
};
for segment in segments {
string.push('\\');
// Currently non-unicode windows paths cannot be represented
match String::from_utf8(percent_decode(segment.as_bytes()).collect()) {
Ok(s) => string.push_str(&s),
Err(..) => return Err(()),
}
}
let path = PathBuf::from(string);
debug_assert!(
path.is_absolute(),
"to_file_path() failed to produce an absolute Path"
);
Ok(path)
}
/// Implementation detail of `Url::query_pairs_mut`. Typically not used directly.
#[derive(Debug)]
pub struct UrlQuery<'a> {
url: Option<&'a mut Url>,
fragment: Option<String>,
}
// `as_mut_string` string here exposes the internal serialization of an `Url`,
// which should not be exposed to users.
// We achieve that by not giving users direct access to `UrlQuery`:
// * Its fields are private
// (and so can not be constructed with struct literal syntax outside of this crate),
// * It has no constructor
// * It is only visible (on the type level) to users in the return type of
// `Url::query_pairs_mut` which is `Serializer<UrlQuery>`
// * `Serializer` keeps its target in a private field
// * Unlike in other `Target` impls, `UrlQuery::finished` does not return `Self`.
impl<'a> form_urlencoded::Target for UrlQuery<'a> {
fn as_mut_string(&mut self) -> &mut String {
&mut self.url.as_mut().unwrap().serialization
}
fn finish(mut self) -> &'a mut Url {
let url = self.url.take().unwrap();
url.restore_already_parsed_fragment(self.fragment.take());
url
}
type Finished = &'a mut Url;
}
impl<'a> Drop for UrlQuery<'a> {
fn drop(&mut self) {
if let Some(url) = self.url.take() {
url.restore_already_parsed_fragment(self.fragment.take())
}
}
}