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/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 2 -*-
* vim: set ts=8 sts=2 et sw=2 tw=80:
*
* Copyright 2023 Mozilla Foundation
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
#ifndef wasm_anyref_h
#define wasm_anyref_h
#include "mozilla/FloatingPoint.h"
#include <utility>
#include "js/HeapAPI.h"
#include "js/RootingAPI.h"
#include "js/TypeDecls.h"
#include "js/Value.h"
// #include "NamespaceImports.h"
class JSObject;
class JSString;
namespace js {
namespace gc {
struct Cell;
}; // namespace gc
namespace wasm {
// [SMDOC] AnyRef
//
// An AnyRef is a boxed value that can represent any wasm reference type and any
// host type that the host system allows to flow into and out of wasm
// transparently. It is a pointer-sized datum that has the same representation
// as all its subtypes (funcref, externref, eqref, (ref T), et al) due to the
// non-coercive subtyping of the wasm type system.
//
// The C++/wasm boundary always uses a 'void*' type to express AnyRef values, to
// emphasize the pointer-ness of the value. The C++ code must transform the
// void* into an AnyRef by calling AnyRef::fromCompiledCode(), and transform an
// AnyRef into a void* by calling AnyRef::toCompiledCode(). Once in C++, we use
// AnyRef everywhere. A JS Value is transformed into an AnyRef by calling
// AnyRef::fromJSValue(), and the AnyRef is transformed into a JS Value by
// calling AnyRef::toJSValue().
//
// NOTE that AnyRef values may point to GC'd storage and as such need to be
// rooted if they are kept live in boxed form across code that may cause GC!
// Use RootedAnyRef / HandleAnyRef / MutableHandleAnyRef where necessary.
//
// The lowest bits of the pointer value are used for tagging, to allow for some
// representation optimizations and to distinguish various types.
//
// The current tagging scheme is:
// if (pointer == 0) then 'null'
// if (pointer & 0x1) then 'i31'
// if (pointer & 0x2) then 'string'
// else 'object'
//
// NOTE: there is sequencing required when checking tags. If bit 0x1 is set,
// then bit 0x2 is part of the i31 value and does not imply string.
//
// An i31ref value has no sign interpretation within wasm, where instructions
// specify the signedness. When converting to/from a JS value, an i31ref value
// is treated as a signed 31-bit value.
// The kind of value stored in an AnyRef. This is not 1:1 with the pointer tag
// of AnyRef as this separates the 'Null' and 'Object' cases which are
// collapsed in the pointer tag.
enum class AnyRefKind : uint8_t {
Null,
Object,
String,
I31,
};
// The pointer tag of an AnyRef.
enum class AnyRefTag : uint8_t {
// This value is either a JSObject& or a null pointer.
ObjectOrNull = 0x0,
// This value is a 31-bit integer.
I31 = 0x1,
// This value is a JSString*.
String = 0x2,
};
// A reference to any wasm reference type or host (JS) value. AnyRef is
// optimized for efficient access to objects, strings, and 31-bit integers.
//
// See the above documentation comment for more details.
class AnyRef {
uintptr_t value_;
// Get the pointer tag stored in value_.
AnyRefTag pointerTag() const { return GetUintptrTag(value_); }
explicit AnyRef(uintptr_t value) : value_(value) {}
static constexpr uintptr_t TagUintptr(uintptr_t value, AnyRefTag tag) {
MOZ_ASSERT(!(value & TagMask));
return value | uintptr_t(tag);
}
static constexpr uintptr_t UntagUintptr(uintptr_t value) {
return value & ~TagMask;
}
static constexpr AnyRefTag GetUintptrTag(uintptr_t value) {
// Mask off all but the lowest two-bits (the tag)
uintptr_t rawTag = value & TagMask;
// If the lowest bit is set, we want to normalize and only return
// AnyRefTag::I31. Mask off the high-bit iff the low-bit was set.
uintptr_t normalizedI31 = rawTag & ~(value << 1);
return AnyRefTag(normalizedI31);
}
// Given a 32-bit signed integer within 31-bit signed bounds, turn it into
// an AnyRef.
static AnyRef fromInt32(int32_t value) {
MOZ_ASSERT(!int32NeedsBoxing(value));
return AnyRef::fromUint32Truncate(uint32_t(value));
}
public:
static constexpr uintptr_t TagMask = 0x3;
static constexpr uintptr_t TagShift = 2;
static_assert(TagShift <= gc::CellAlignShift, "not enough free bits");
// A mask for getting the GC thing an AnyRef represents.
static constexpr uintptr_t GCThingMask = ~TagMask;
// A combined mask for getting the gc::Chunk for an AnyRef that is a GC
// thing.
static constexpr uintptr_t GCThingChunkMask =
GCThingMask & ~js::gc::ChunkMask;
// The representation of a null reference value throughout the compiler for
// when we need an integer constant. This is asserted to be equivalent to
// nullptr in wasm::Init.
static constexpr uintptr_t NullRefValue = 0;
static constexpr uintptr_t InvalidRefValue = UINTPTR_MAX << TagShift;
// The inclusive maximum 31-bit signed integer, 2^30 - 1.
static constexpr int32_t MaxI31Value = (2 << 29) - 1;
// The inclusive minimum 31-bit signed integer, -2^30.
static constexpr int32_t MinI31Value = -(2 << 29);
explicit AnyRef() : value_(NullRefValue) {}
MOZ_IMPLICIT AnyRef(std::nullptr_t) : value_(NullRefValue) {}
// The null AnyRef value.
static AnyRef null() { return AnyRef(NullRefValue); }
// An invalid AnyRef cannot arise naturally from wasm and so can be used as
// a sentinel value to indicate failure from an AnyRef-returning function.
static AnyRef invalid() { return AnyRef(InvalidRefValue); }
// Given a JSObject* that comes from JS, turn it into AnyRef.
static AnyRef fromJSObjectOrNull(JSObject* objectOrNull) {
MOZ_ASSERT(GetUintptrTag((uintptr_t)objectOrNull) ==
AnyRefTag::ObjectOrNull);
return AnyRef((uintptr_t)objectOrNull);
}
// Given a JSObject& that comes from JS, turn it into AnyRef.
static AnyRef fromJSObject(JSObject& object) {
MOZ_ASSERT(GetUintptrTag((uintptr_t)&object) == AnyRefTag::ObjectOrNull);
return AnyRef((uintptr_t)&object);
}
// Given a JSString* that comes from JS, turn it into AnyRef.
static AnyRef fromJSString(JSString* string) {
return AnyRef(TagUintptr((uintptr_t)string, AnyRefTag::String));
}
// Given a void* that comes from compiled wasm code, turn it into AnyRef.
static AnyRef fromCompiledCode(void* pointer) {
return AnyRef((uintptr_t)pointer);
}
// Given a JS value, turn it into AnyRef. This returns false if boxing the
// value failed due to an OOM.
static bool fromJSValue(JSContext* cx, JS::HandleValue value,
JS::MutableHandle<AnyRef> result);
// fromUint32Truncate will produce an i31 from an int32 by truncating the
// highest bit. For values in the 31-bit range, this losslessly preserves the
// value. For values outside the 31-bit range, this performs 31-bit
// wraparound.
//
// There are four cases here based on the two high bits:
// 00 - [0, MaxI31Value]
// 01 - (MaxI31Value, INT32_MAX]
// 10 - [INT32_MIN, MinI31Value)
// 11 - [MinI31Value, -1]
//
// The middle two cases can be ruled out if the value is guaranteed to be
// within the i31 range. Therefore if we truncate the high bit upon converting
// to i31 and perform a signed widening upon converting back to i32, we can
// losslessly represent all i31 values.
static AnyRef fromUint32Truncate(uint32_t value) {
// See 64-bit GPRs carrying 32-bit values invariants in MacroAssember.h
#if defined(JS_CODEGEN_NONE) || defined(JS_CODEGEN_X64) || \
defined(JS_CODEGEN_ARM64)
// Truncate the value to the 31-bit value size.
uintptr_t wideValue = uintptr_t(value & 0x7FFFFFFF);
#elif defined(JS_CODEGEN_LOONG64) || defined(JS_CODEGEN_MIPS64) || \
defined(JS_CODEGEN_RISCV64)
// Sign extend the value to the native pointer size.
uintptr_t wideValue = uintptr_t(int64_t((uint64_t(value) << 33)) >> 33);
#elif !defined(JS_64BIT)
// Transfer 32-bit value as is.
uintptr_t wideValue = (uintptr_t)value;
#else
# error "unknown architecture"
#endif
// Left shift the value by 1, truncating the high bit.
uintptr_t shiftedValue = wideValue << 1;
uintptr_t taggedValue = shiftedValue | (uintptr_t)AnyRefTag::I31;
return AnyRef(taggedValue);
}
static bool int32NeedsBoxing(int32_t value) {
// We can represent every signed 31-bit number without boxing
return value < MinI31Value || value > MaxI31Value;
}
static bool doubleNeedsBoxing(double value) {
int32_t intValue;
if (!mozilla::NumberIsInt32(value, &intValue)) {
return true;
}
return int32NeedsBoxing(value);
}
// Returns whether a JS value will need to be boxed.
static bool valueNeedsBoxing(JS::HandleValue value) {
if (value.isObjectOrNull() || value.isString()) {
return false;
}
if (value.isInt32()) {
return int32NeedsBoxing(value.toInt32());
}
if (value.isDouble()) {
return doubleNeedsBoxing(value.toDouble());
}
return true;
}
// Box a JS Value that needs boxing.
static JSObject* boxValue(JSContext* cx, JS::HandleValue value);
bool operator==(const AnyRef& rhs) const {
return this->value_ == rhs.value_;
}
bool operator!=(const AnyRef& rhs) const { return !(*this == rhs); }
// Check if this AnyRef is the invalid value.
bool isInvalid() const { return *this == AnyRef::invalid(); }
AnyRefKind kind() const {
if (value_ == NullRefValue) {
return AnyRefKind::Null;
}
switch (pointerTag()) {
case AnyRefTag::ObjectOrNull: {
// The invalid pattern uses the ObjectOrNull tag, check for it here.
MOZ_ASSERT(!isInvalid());
// We ruled out the null case above
return AnyRefKind::Object;
}
case AnyRefTag::String: {
return AnyRefKind::String;
}
case AnyRefTag::I31: {
return AnyRefKind::I31;
}
default: {
MOZ_CRASH("unknown AnyRef tag");
}
}
}
bool isNull() const { return value_ == NullRefValue; }
bool isGCThing() const { return !isNull() && !isI31(); }
bool isJSObject() const { return kind() == AnyRefKind::Object; }
bool isJSString() const { return kind() == AnyRefKind::String; }
bool isI31() const { return kind() == AnyRefKind::I31; }
gc::Cell* toGCThing() const {
MOZ_ASSERT(isGCThing());
return (gc::Cell*)UntagUintptr(value_);
}
JSObject& toJSObject() const {
MOZ_ASSERT(isJSObject());
return *(JSObject*)value_;
}
JSObject* toJSObjectOrNull() const {
MOZ_ASSERT(!isInvalid());
MOZ_ASSERT(pointerTag() == AnyRefTag::ObjectOrNull);
return (JSObject*)value_;
}
JSString* toJSString() const {
MOZ_ASSERT(isJSString());
return (JSString*)UntagUintptr(value_);
}
// Unpack an i31, interpreting the integer as signed.
int32_t toI31() const {
MOZ_ASSERT(isI31());
// On 64-bit targets, we only care about the low 4-bytes.
uint32_t truncatedValue = *reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(&value_);
// Perform a right arithmetic shift (see AnyRef::fromI31 for more details),
// avoiding undefined behavior by using an unsigned type.
uint32_t shiftedValue = value_ >> 1;
if ((truncatedValue & (1 << 31)) != 0) {
shiftedValue |= (1 << 31);
}
// Perform a bitwise cast to see the result as a signed value.
return *reinterpret_cast<int32_t*>(&shiftedValue);
}
// Convert from AnyRef to a JS Value. This currently does not require any
// allocation. If this changes in the future, this function will become
// more complicated.
JS::Value toJSValue() const;
// Get the raw value for returning to wasm code.
void* forCompiledCode() const { return (void*)value_; }
// Get the raw value for diagnostics.
uintptr_t rawValue() const { return value_; }
// Internal details of the boxing format used by WasmStubs.cpp
static const JSClass* valueBoxClass();
static size_t valueBoxOffsetOfValue();
};
using RootedAnyRef = JS::Rooted<AnyRef>;
using HandleAnyRef = JS::Handle<AnyRef>;
using MutableHandleAnyRef = JS::MutableHandle<AnyRef>;
} // namespace wasm
template <class Wrapper>
class WrappedPtrOperations<wasm::AnyRef, Wrapper> {
const wasm::AnyRef& value() const {
return static_cast<const Wrapper*>(this)->get();
}
public:
bool isNull() const { return value().isNull(); }
bool isI31() const { return value().isI31(); }
bool isJSObject() const { return value().isJSObject(); }
bool isJSString() const { return value().isJSString(); }
JSObject& toJSObject() const { return value().toJSObject(); }
JSString* toJSString() const { return value().toJSString(); }
};
// If the Value is a GC pointer type, call |f| with the pointer cast to that
// type and return the result wrapped in a Maybe, otherwise return None().
template <typename F>
auto MapGCThingTyped(const wasm::AnyRef& val, F&& f) {
switch (val.kind()) {
case wasm::AnyRefKind::Object:
return mozilla::Some(f(&val.toJSObject()));
case wasm::AnyRefKind::String:
return mozilla::Some(f(val.toJSString()));
case wasm::AnyRefKind::I31:
case wasm::AnyRefKind::Null: {
using ReturnType = decltype(f(static_cast<JSObject*>(nullptr)));
return mozilla::Maybe<ReturnType>();
}
}
MOZ_CRASH();
}
template <typename F>
bool ApplyGCThingTyped(const wasm::AnyRef& val, F&& f) {
return MapGCThingTyped(val,
[&f](auto t) {
f(t);
return true;
})
.isSome();
}
} // namespace js
namespace JS {
template <>
struct GCPolicy<js::wasm::AnyRef> {
static void trace(JSTracer* trc, js::wasm::AnyRef* v, const char* name) {
// This should only be called as part of root marking since that's the only
// time we should trace unbarriered GC thing pointers. This will assert if
// called at other times.
TraceRoot(trc, v, name);
}
static bool isValid(const js::wasm::AnyRef& v) {
return !v.isGCThing() || js::gc::IsCellPointerValid(v.toGCThing());
}
};
} // namespace JS
#endif // wasm_anyref_h